Kotlin: Fixing Java’s Billion Dollar Mistake

The Kotlin programming language provides so many improvements and shortcuts over Java. The conciseness of the language means we only need to add the ‘data’ keyword to a class in order to automatically generate the typical class members like ‘toString()’ or ‘hashCode()’. Nullability is a part of Kotlin’s type system, and so it’s fundamentally safer than Java in terms of null-pointer exceptions. And Kotlin’s expressiveness puts it on par with Python in terms of human-readable code.